Illness Researches
Chris Owen
In the past three installments of this series, I've discussed some methods
of Scientology recruitment, as proposed and used by L. Ron Hubbard. They
have all been rather dubious. Few can have been more so than the method he
suggested in the Professional Auditors Bulletin of 28th February, 1956: the
euphemistically-titled "illness researches".
This was first used in the fall of 1951 when Hubbard was based in Wichita,
during the brief but heady period when Dianetics was a nationwide fad in the
USA. He had claimed in "Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health" that
"70 percent of Man's illnesses" could be cured by using Dianetic auditing. This was
not as a side-effect of auditing; it was explicitly a direct effect of
being audited. As he put it,
"Psychosomatic ills such as arthritis, migraine, ulcers, allergies,
asthma, coronary difficulties (psychosomatic - about one-third of all
heart trouble cases), tendonitis, bursitis, paralysis (hysterical),
eye trouble (non-pathological) have all responded .... without failure"
[LRH, "Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health"]
These days it is claimed that Scientology does not, of itself, heal people.
Improvements in health may be a side-effect of auditing but are apparently
not the basic objective. However, as "Illness Researches" makes clear,
Hubbard explicitly regarded Scientology as being a miracle cure. In
particular, he targetted people suffering from the AIDS of the 1950s, polio.
In the PAB of 28 Feb, 1956, he acknowledges that this method of
dissemination requires deception and misrepresentation, and admits that it
is a deliberate attempt to get around the medical laws, but justifies it on
the grounds that
"It was tremendously successful and would have continued successfully
if anyone else had wanted any success in Witchita. The very first person
who applied for this ad immediately after a test audit, enrolled in a
professional course. The second person at once purchased a 75-hour
intensive [i.e. 75 hours' auditing], and so it went. If I merely wanted
a fortune out of Scientology and did not desire the health of Scientology
itself, the good presence and skill of its auditors, I would long since
have abandoned this research, leaving things just as they were and would
have continued to run this ad and run a clinic and school to care for
its resultant callers. The exact wording of this ad was as follows:
'Polio victims. A research foundation, investigating polio, desires
volunteers suffering from the after effects of that illness to call
for examination at address.'
When the people arrived, usually with a phone interview first, they were
immediately given about three hours of auditing. The techniques in use at
that time were effort processing and overt acts and motivators. We
alleviated the majority of preclears reporting, using only those three
hours. We did this for polio victims, arthritics and were about to do it
for asthmatics when the surging success of the project frightened various
individuals who had other plans for Dianetics. However there was no
protest whatever from the newspapers, the public or the preclears. The
auditing was given free of charge. It was given under the guise of
investigation and was in actuality a research project. Any auditor
anywhere can constitute [sic] himself as a minister or an auditor, a
research worker in the field of any illness. In that he is not offering
to treat or cure the illness but is strictly investigating it, the laws
concerning medicine do not obtain [sic] to him. Anybody, even a ditch-
digger, can look over polio or arthritis or asthma or anything else.
It is best that a minister representing himself as a "charitable
organisation", which is what he is, do the research himself so that the
ad would then read:
'Polio victims - a charitable organisation investigating polio desires
to examine several victims of the after effects of this illness. Phone
So-and-so.' "
Honesty was clearly not one of Hubbard's strong points. However, there is
an interesting subtext in the above piece. There are a couple of references
to people hindering the use of "Illness researches" - "if anyone else had
wanted any success in Witchita" and "the surging success... frightened
various individuals who had other plans for Dianetics". It is highly
probable that this refers to the other members of the board of the Dianetics
Foundation, which was at that time established at Witchita. Hubbard was
merely one of the directors; the others included such figures as John W.
Campbell, the science-fiction editor, and Dr. Joseph Winter, M.D., who was
later to publish a critical book on Dianetics entitled "A Doctor's Report on
Dianetics".
The board, and the Foundation itself, soon disintegrated as a result of Hubbard's authoritarianism, financial mismanagement and descent into the pseudo-occult
world of thetans, clam engrams and Invader Forces. The Foundation was later resurrected as the Hubbard Dianetics Foundation, a Church of Scientology
front group. Personality Tests are administered under the aegis of the HDF,
even though they are actually given by Scientologists, often in Scientology
Orgs.
From what Hubbard says, it is likely that the other (more ethical?) members
of the Dianetics Foundation were unhappy about the callous, unscrupulous
methods of dissemination which he was employing. He admits being forced to
stop using those methods but shows no regrets - indeed, he declares that he
wants to continue using them for disseminating Scientology. It is
interesting that, although the method was originally designed for use in
Dianetics - which is claimed to cure directly - Hubbard was also willing to
use it to disseminate Scientology, which is supposedly not about effecting
improvements in health. He goes on to explain, with his usual lack of
compassion, just what one is supposed to do with an individual who expresses
an interest in being "examined":
"The interesting hooker in this ad is that anyone suffering from a lasting
illness is suffering from it so as to attract attention and bring about an
examination of it. These people will go on being examined endlessly. The
technique which would be used today would be with the repair and remedy of
havingness ["the feeling that one owns or possessses"], appertaining to
the illness or injury itself "Invent a problem that leg (or arm or lungs
or stomach) could be to you". One would use only this process as it is the
only safe process to use against a chronic somatic and successfully
alleviates such. One would NEVER use "What problem could lameness (a
condition) be to you". Always run the process of problems on the subject
of terminals, never on conditions. Of course one would repair the
havingness of lame legs and eventually get the individual to throw a bad
leg away. If the preclear could not at once invent, one would have him
lie about legs or stomach or arms, or whatever is affecting him. One would
use up at most about two hours of auditing time on each case. He would not
tell the person he was doing other than investigating the cause. He would
tell them that he was not interested in curing their polio but that
educationally he could of course improve their ability to walk or breathe
or whatever. As a side comment, one would omit arthritis as one of these
quickies as it showed the lowest level of recovery ..."
So far, the purpose of "Illness research" has been pretty clear: to get
"bodies into Orgs". Hubbard makes this explicit in emphasising what the
bottom line is and, no doubt conscious of the potential P.R. problems which
his methods could cause, goes on to explain how to construct a smokescreen
to divert attention away from the real objective:
"This plan has the advantage of not unduly exciting the press, but if the
press were to arrive, one would simply tell them, expanded, the subject of
the ad. A minister investigating polio would have many reasons to do so.
He would want to know how much of a drain the illness really was on the
society around him; what charitable resources were necessary in order to
care for it; how much difficulty it was to people in the immediate family.
He would want to know whether it was a major or minor factor in the
society. But basically he would want to get his hands on those preclears
and alleviate their condition. In other words, improve their ability to
walk or to breathe. He would want to do this and he would carry the
project along by having a group and from this group getting basic courses.
Remember, today it is no fantasy whatsoever that you can alleviate the
majority of sufferers of various chronic illnesses. It is a very simple
thing really. We have been able to do it for four years and very good
auditors have been doing it regularly for five. We are not in the business
of healing here. We are in the business of educating people to walk, to
talk, to breathe."
As walking and breathing are two things which are seriously affected by
polio (remember Roosevelt?), it is clear that Hubbard's disclaimers are mere
sophistries. No matter what he says, it is apparent that he is expressly
making the point that Scientology can alleviate symptoms of diseases. As the
noun "cure" is defined as meaning "restoration to health" - which is what
Hubbard is promoting - what other interpretation is possible?
It is unlikely that "illness research" is used today, at least in the West,
but it does raise some interesting questions. If Hubbard was convinced in
the late 1950s that Scientology - which was only a few years old and far
less convoluted than it is today - was capable of miraculous cures, why does
the Church of Scientology now claim that Scientology does not cure,
despite 40 years of refinement? Does this mean that 40 years of development
in Scientology has actually reduced its effectiveness, since far less is
claimed for it now? We should be told...
|